Isolation-by-distance and outbreeding depression are sufficient to drive parapatric speciation in the absence of environmental influences.

Abstract excerpt

A commonly held view in evolutionary biology is that speciation (the emergence of genetically distinct and reproductively incompatible subpopulations) is driven by external environmental constraints, such as localized barriers to dispersal or habitat-based variation in selection pressures. We have developed a spatially explicit model of a biological population to study the emergence of spatial and temporal...

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