Article
Voice abnormality in adults with congenital and adult-acquired growth hormone deficiency.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism - 1 Jul 2005
Moore Christopher, Shalet Stephen, Manickam Kathiresan, Willard Terry, Maheshwari Hiralal, Baumann Gerhard
Abstract excerpt
CONTEXT: Adult males with congenital, untreated, severe GH deficiency (GHD) due to genetic GHRH receptor deficiency exhibit distinctive, high-pitched, and raspy voice characteristics. OBJECTIVE/DESIGN: To determine the physical underpinning of this phenomenon, we performed voice recordings, translarynx impedance measurements, spectral analysis, and estimates of spectral complexity [approximate entropy (ApEn)] in...
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