Integrative classification of morphology and molecular genetics in central nervous system malformations

Abstract excerpt

We propose a scheme to classify central nervous system (CNS) malformations that integrates morphology and genetics by using patterns of genetic expression as its basis. The precise genetic mutations are not necessary to know in all cases. The premises of this classification are (1) genetic expression in the neural tube follows gradients in the axes that are established at the time of gastrulation: vertical...

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