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Article

Clinical heterogeneity of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome) and pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society - 1 Jan 2004

Thomas Madhavi, Hayflick Susan J, Jankovic Joseph

Abstract excerpt

Hallervorden Spatz syndrome (HSS), also referred to as neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), is a rare inherited neurodegenerative disorder with childhood, adolescent, or adult onset. Patients with HSS/NBIA have a combination of motor symptoms in the form of dystonia, parkinsonism, choreoathetosis, corticospinal tract involvement, optic atrophy, pigmentary retinopathy, and cognitive impairment....

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Source

Identifiers

PMID: 14743358
DOI: 10.1002/mds.10650

Genes

PANK2

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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