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Article

Immunomodulatory actions of gonadal steroids may be mediated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

Endocrinology - 1 Jan 2004

Jacobson Jill D, Ansari Mansoor A

Abstract excerpt

Estrogens are considered to be immunostimulatory, whereas androgens are considered to be immunosuppressive. We hypothesized that the divergent actions of gonadal steroids on the immune system may be mediated indirectly, via their potent divergent feedback effects on the hypothalamic hormone GnRH, which is itself immunostimulatory. We used the GnRH-deficient HPG/Bm mouse in an effort to disentangle the effects of...

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Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

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Source

Identifiers

PMID: 12959991
DOI: 10.1210/en.2003-0510

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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