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Article

Genetic and environmental influences on trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: a twin study.

The American journal of psychiatry - 1 Oct 2002

Stein Murray B, Jang Kerry L, Taylor Steven, Vernon Philip A, Livesley W John

Abstract excerpt

OBJECTIVE: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops in only a subset of persons exposed to traumatic stress, suggesting the existence of stressor and individual differences that influence risk. In this study the authors examined the heritability of trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms in male and female twin pairs of nonveteran volunteers. METHOD: Scores on a traumatic events inventory and a DSM-IV PTSD symptom...

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Source

Identifiers

PMID: 12359672
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.10.1675

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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