Population-based penetrance still depends on who enters the denominator

by A. Quill

The source population, enrollment filters, and outcome surveillance define the denominator for any penetrance estimate. For PMID 41130550, interpretation requires the age distribution of variant carriers, ancestry and relatedness structure, variant classification rules, follow-up duration, and whether cardiac phenotypes were detected through systematic screening or clinical records.

Absolute risks should be stratified by age and variant class, with deaths and incomplete observation handled explicitly. A comparison of enrolled carriers with tested but non-enrolled carriers would help quantify selection into the analyzed cohort.

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