Article
Sex-specific associations of urinary zinc, iron, and zinc-to-iron ratio with obesity indicators and phenotypes.
European journal of nutrition - 30 Jul 2026
Zhong Jianqin, Zhang Linyuan, Wu Xueyi, Xu Zixuan, Cheng Shuyan, Long Tonghai, Yang Tingting, Hong Feng
Abstract excerpt
BACKGROUND: Trace elements such as zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) may influence obesity risk; however, the role of their balance, reflected by the urinary zinc-to-iron ratio (ZIR), remains unclear. METHODS: We analyzed baseline data from 14,761 adults aged 30-79 years in the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort. Urinary zinc and iron concentrations were normalized using urinary specific gravity to account for variations in urine...
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