Phylogenetic constraints, conservatism, and convergence shape three-dimensional variation in flower morphology of a tropical orchid radiation.

Abstract excerpt

Despite advances in phylogenetic comparative methods, challenges remain to distinguish between various macroevolutionary patterns of phenotypic variation (e.g., conservatism, convergence) and to infer their underlying proximate (genetic, developmental) or ultimate (selective versus neutral) causes. Furthermore, especially for complex morphological structures, little is known about the extent to which rates of...

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