Association of residential green space, blue space, and natural environment with the incident heart failure and cardiac morpho-functional phenotypes: a UK biobank-based prospective cohort and imaging study.

Abstract excerpt

AIMS: Environmental exposures are increasingly recognized as modifiable risk factors for heart failure (HF), yet the roles of residential green space, blue space, and natural environments in cardiac structural/functional remodelling and HF development remain underexplored. We aimed to prospectively evaluate associations between residential green space, blue space, and natural environment exposure with incident HF...

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