Article
When algorithms infer gender: revisiting computational phenotyping with electronic health records data.
Biology of sex differences - 31 Dec 2025
Gronsbell Jessica, Thurston Hilary, Dong Lillian, Ferguson Vanessa, Chaudhury Diksha Sen, O'Neill Braden, Sha Katrina S, Bonneville Rebecca
Abstract excerpt
Computational phenotyping has emerged as a practical solution to the incomplete collection of data on gender in electronic health records (EHRs). This approach relies on algorithms to infer a patient's gender using the available data in their health record, such as diagnosis codes, medication histories, and information in clinical notes. Although intended to improve the visibility of trans and gender-expansive...
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