Longitudinal Profiling of the Human Milk Microbiome from Birth to 12 Months Reveals Overall Stability and Selective Taxa-Level Variation

Abstract excerpt

Human milk bacteria contribute to gut microbiome establishment in breastfed infants. Although breastfeeding is recommended throughout infancy, temporal variation in the milk microbiome—particularly beyond solid food introduction—remains understudied. We analyzed 539 milk samples from 83 mother–infant dyads between 1 week and 12 months postpartum using full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The microbiota was...

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