Article
Phenotypic Variations in Lower Eyelid Anatomy Across Ancestral Groups and Their Implications in Oculoplastic Surgery: A Narrative Review.
The Journal of craniofacial surgery - 1 Jan 2026
Nguyen Antoinette T, McFarland Annie, Duckworth Emily D, Li May X, Chon Jeewon, Abu-Romman Anmar A, Melnick Bradley A, Fuentes Rolando C, Adam Tarifa H, Li Rena A, Coles Brigid M, Galiano Robert D
Abstract excerpt
BACKGROUND: Phenotypic variations in lower eyelid anatomy across ancestral groups significantly influence aesthetic and functional outcomes in oculoplastic surgery. Differences in skin thickness, fat distribution, muscle morphology, and bony architecture necessitate population-specific surgical strategies to optimize results and minimize complications. METHODS: A narrative review was conducted synthesizing...
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