Article
The Role of the Immune Microenvironment on Osteoblast Differentiation
14 Jul 2025
Abstract excerpt
BACKGROUND: Osteoblasts, derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the bone marrow, are responsible for bone formation. Osteoblast differentiation is orchestrated by a spectrum of biological signals, with immune-derived components serving as indispensable regulators in this network. Dysfunctional osteoblast differentiation underlies bone-related pathologies such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and...
