Extracellular vesicles in seminal plasma of Sahiwal cattle bulls carry a differential abundance of sperm fertility-associated proteins for augmenting the functional quality of low-fertile bull spermatozoa

Abstract excerpt

Poor male fertility significantly affects dairy production, primarily due to low conception rates (CR) in bulls, even when cows are inseminated with morphologically normal sperm. Seminal plasma is a key factor in evaluating the fertilizing ability of bull semen. The extracellular vesicles (EVs) in seminal plasma contain fertility-associated proteins like SPAM1, ADAM7, and SP10, which influence sperm function and...

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