Molecular mechanisms underlying Tao-Hong-Si-Wu decoction treating hyperpigmentation based on network pharmacology, Mendelian randomization analysis, and experimental verification

Abstract excerpt

CONTEXT: Hyperpigmentation, a common skin condition marked by excessive melanin production, currently has limited effective treatment options. OBJECTIVE: This study explores the effects of Tao-Hong-Si-Wu decoction (THSWD) on hyperpigmentation and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: hyperpigmentation model. Assessments included melanin content, tyrosinase activity, and Western blotting....

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