Article
An Updated Overview of Risk Factors for Shoulder Stiffness.
Zeitschrift fur Orthopadie und Unfallchirurgie - 1 Dec 2024
van Hattem Suncana, Regener Eva-Maria, Prangenberg Christian, Strauss Andreas Christian, de Girolamo Laura, Burger Christof, Wirtz Dieter Christian, Cucchi Davide
Abstract excerpt
A painful reduction in shoulder mobility, known as "shoulder stiffness", can occur both as a primary idiopathic condition and as a secondary condition, for example, following surgical procedures. Various factors can contribute to the development of primary shoulder stiffness. In this review we summarize the pathophysiological mechanisms, genetic influences, endocrine disorders, metabolic conditions, as well as...
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