Aggressive signaling among competing species of birds.

Abstract excerpt

Aggressive interactions help individuals to gain access to and defend resources, but they can be costly, leading to increased predation risk, injury, or death. Signals involving sounds and color can allow birds to avoid the costs of intraspecific aggressive encounters, but we know less about agonistic signaling between species, where fights can be frequent and just as costly. Here, we review photographic and...

Topics

• Humans
• Animals
• Aggression
• Phenotype
• Columbidae
• Carotenoids