The impact of antisperm antibodies on human male reproductive function: an update

Abstract excerpt

Immune infertility occurs due to the presence of antisperm antibodies (ASA). This type of infertility has a relatively low prevalence (2.6-6.6% in infertile men), and its etiology, risk factors, targets, and consequences for male fertility are not completely understood. While it is largely accepted that abnormalities in the blood-testis barrier and/or blood-epididymal barrier are the main factors behind its...