Quantitative proteomic biomarkers from extracellular vesicles of human seminal plasma in the differential diagnosis of azoospermia

Abstract excerpt

Dear Editor, Azoospermia, which accounts for about 10%–15% of infertile men, is generally classified as obstructive azoospermia (OA) due to male reproductive tract obstruction and nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) due to testicular failure.1 NOA has three major forms: hypospermatogenesis (HS), germ cell arrest (MA), and Sertoli cell–only (SCO) based on the histopathological examination of testicular tissue.2 An...