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Stabbing Spines: A review of the Biomechanics and Evolution of Defensive Spines.

Integrative and comparative biology - 8 Sept 2021

Crofts Stephanie B, Stankowich Theodore

Abstract excerpt

Spines are ubiquitous in both plants and animals, and while most spines were likely originally used for defense, over time many have been modified in a variety of ways. Here we take an integrative approach to review the form, function, and evolution of spines as a defensive strategy in order to make new connections between physical mechanisms and functional behavior. While this review focuses on spines in...

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PMID: 34038530
DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab099

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