Article
On Hadamard and Kronecker products in covariance structures for genotype × environment interaction.
The plant genome - 1 Nov 2020
Martini Johannes W R, Crossa Jose, Toledo Fernando H, Cuevas Jaime
Abstract excerpt
When including genotype × environment interactions (G × E) in genomic prediction models, Hadamard or Kronecker products have been used to model the covariance structure of interactions. The relation between these two types of modeling has not been made clear in genomic prediction literature. Here, we demonstrate that a certain model based on a Hadamard formulation and another using the Kronecker product lead to...
Topics
- Gene-Environment Interaction
- Genomics
- Genotype
- Models, Genetic
- Triticum