Article
Postaxial limb hypoplasia (PALH): the classification, clinical features, and related developmental biology.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences - 1 Dec 2017
Zhang Zeng, Yi Dan, Xie Rong, Hamilton John L, Kang Qing-Lin, Chen Di
Abstract excerpt
Postaxial limb hypoplasia (PALH) is a group of nonhereditary diseases with congenital lower limb deficiency affecting the fibular ray, including fibular hemimelia, proximal femoral focal deficiency, and tarsal coalition. The etiology and the developmental biology of the anomaly are still not fully understood. Here, we review the previous classification systems, present the clinical features, and discuss the...
Topics
- Ectromelia
- Fibula
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Limb Deformities, Congenital
- Musculoskeletal Development
- Mutation
- Signal Transduction