Active smoking and COPD phenotype: distribution and impact on prognostic factors.

Abstract excerpt

PURPOSE: Smoking can affect both the phenotypic expression of COPD and factors such as disease severity, quality of life, and comorbidities. Our objective was to evaluate if the impact of active smoking on these factors varies according to the disease phenotype. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a Spanish, observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study of patients with a diagnosis of COPD. Smoking rates were...

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