Article
Are shoals of minnow Phoxinus phoxinus formed by close kin?
Journal of fish biology - 1 Mar 2012
Bernhardt B, Lampert K P, Leese F, Mayer C, Tollrian R
Abstract excerpt
A molecular analysis examining the level of relatedness in shoaling minnows Phoxinus phoxinus was conducted. The results revealed that individuals from within the same shoal were not more closely related to each other than to individuals from other shoals. This led to the conclusion that Schreckstoff may be less likely to have evolved in the context of kin selection.
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