Article
Spiteful interactions between sympatric natural isolates of Xenorhabdus bovienii benefit kin and reduce virulence.
Journal of evolutionary biology - 1 Mar 2012
Bashey F, Young S K, Hawlena H, Lively C M
Abstract excerpt
Spite occurs when an individual harms itself in the act of harming others. Spiteful behaviour may be more pervasive in nature than commonly thought. One of the clearest examples of spite is the costly production and release of bacteriocins, antimicrobial toxins noted for their ability to kill conspecifics. A key question is to what extent these toxins provide a fitness advantage to kin of the producer cell,...
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