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Article

A quantitative test of Hamilton's rule for the evolution of altruism.

PLoS biology - 1 May 2011

Waibel Markus, Floreano Dario, Keller Laurent

Abstract excerpt

The evolution of altruism is a fundamental and enduring puzzle in biology. In a seminal paper Hamilton showed that altruism can be selected for when rb - c > 0, where c is the fitness cost to the altruist, b is the fitness benefit to the beneficiary, and r is their genetic relatedness. While many studies have provided qualitative support for Hamilton's rule, quantitative tests have not yet been possible due to...

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Identifiers

PMID: 21559320
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000615
PMCID: PMC3086867

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 5 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-05.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 5 Sept 2026.

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