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Article

The vertebral formula of the last common ancestor of African apes and humans.

Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution - 15 Mar 2010

McCollum Melanie A, Rosenman Burt A, Suwa Gen, Meindl Richard S, Lovejoy C Owen

Abstract excerpt

The modal number of lumbar vertebrae in modern humans is five. It varies between three and four in extant African apes (mean=3.5). Because both chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) possess the same distributions of thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae, it has been assume...

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PMID: 19688850
DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21316

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 2 Sept 2026. Prepared record publication-19688850-2026-09-02.2. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-02.2.

Source receipt: PubMed via Helena Literature Corpus, retrieved 2 Sept 2026.

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