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Article

The evolutionary genetics and emergence of avian influenza viruses in wild birds.

PLoS pathogens - 30 May 2008

Dugan Vivien G, Chen Rubing, Spiro David J, Sengamalay Naomi, Zaborsky Jennifer, Ghedin Elodie, Nolting Jacqueline, Swayne David E, Runstadler Jonathan A, Happ George M, Senne Dennis A, Wang Ruixue, Slemons Richard D, Holmes Edward C, Taubenberger Jeffery K

Abstract excerpt

We surveyed the genetic diversity among avian influenza virus (AIV) in wild birds, comprising 167 complete viral genomes from 14 bird species sampled in four locations across the United States. These isolates represented 29 type A influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtype combinations, with up to 26% of isolates showing evidence of mixed subtype infection. Through a phylogenetic analysis...

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Identifiers

PMID: 18516303
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000076
PMCID: PMC2387073

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

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