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Article

Individual variation in endocrine systems: moving beyond the 'tyranny of the Golden Mean'.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences - 12 May 2008

Williams Tony D

Abstract excerpt

Twenty years ago, Albert Bennett published a paper in the influential book New directions in ecological physiology arguing that individual variation was an 'underutilized resource'. In this paper, I review our state of knowledge of the magnitude, mechanisms and functional significance of phenotypic variation, plasticity and flexibility in endocrine systems, and argue for a renewed focus on inter-individual...

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Identifiers

PMID: 18048295
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2007.0003
PMCID: PMC2606721

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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