Article
Parental punitive discipline, negative life events and gene-environment interplay in the development of externalizing behavior.
Psychological medicine - 1 Jan 2008
Button T M M, Lau J Y F, Maughan B, Eley T C
Abstract excerpt
BACKGROUND: To investigate the extent to which three putative 'environmental' risk factors, maternal punitive discipline (MPD), paternal punitive discipline (PPD) and negative life events (NLEs), share genetic influences with, and moderate the heritability of, externalizing behavior. METHOD: The sample consisted of 2647 participants, aged 12-19 years, from the G1219 and G1219Twins longitudinal studies....
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