Temporally dissociated, trait-specific modifications underlie phenotypic polyphenism in Spea multiplicata tadpoles, which suggests modularity.

Abstract excerpt

Many organisms that develop in a variable environment show correlated patterns of phenotypic plasticity in several traits. Any individual trait modification can be beneficial, neutral, or deleterious in any particular environment; the organism's total fitness, which determines if the plasticity is adaptive, is the sum of these changes. Although much is known about how plastic traits contribute to fitness, less is...

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