Immunoglobulin allotypes (GM and KM) indicate multiple founding populations of Native Americans: evidence of at least four migrations to the New World.

Abstract excerpt

On the basis of GM and KM typing and language, approximately 28,000 Amerindians were divided into 4 groups of populations: non-Nadene South American (8 groups), non-Nadene North American (7 groups), Nadene (4 groups), and Eskaleuts (6 groups). These groups were compared to four groups of Asian populations. The distribution of GM haplotypes differed significantly among and within these groups as measured by...

Topics

• Chi-Square Distribution
• Cluster Analysis
• Emigration and Immigration
• Gene Frequency
• Genetic Variation
• Haplotypes
• History, Ancient
• Immunoglobulin Gm Allotypes
• Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains
• Indians, North American