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Article

Character shifts in the defensive armor of sympatric sticklebacks.

Evolution; international journal of organic evolution - 1 Feb 2004

Vamosi Steven M, Schluter Dolph

Abstract excerpt

Natural enemies may contribute to the morphological divergence of sympatric species, yet their role has received little attention to date. We tested for character shifts in defensive armor of sympatric threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus complex) previously shown to exhibit ecological character displacement in traits related to resource use. We scored five defensive armor traits in sympatric benthic...

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PMID: 15068354

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

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