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Article

The evolution of warning signals as reliable indicators of prey defense.

The American naturalist - 1 Oct 2003

Sherratt Thomas N, Beatty Christopher D

Abstract excerpt

It is widely argued that defended prey have tended to evolve conspicuous traits because predators more readily learn to avoid defended prey when they are conspicuous. However, a rival theory proposes that defended prey have evolved such characters because it allows them to be distinguished from undefended prey. Here we investigated how the attributes of defended (unprofitable) and undefended (profitable)...

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PMID: 14582002
DOI: 10.1086/378047

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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