Evidence for intra-colonial genetic variance in resistance to American foulbrood of honey bees ( Apis mellifera): further support for the parasite/pathogen hypothesis for the evolution of polyandry.

Abstract excerpt

Explanations for the evolution of multiple mating by social insect (particularly honey bee) queens have been frequently sought. An important hypothesis is that multiple mating is adaptive because it increases intracolonial genetic diversity and thereby reduces the likelihood that parasites or pat...

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