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Article

Genetic risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Current opinion in pulmonary medicine - 1 Mar 2002

Sandford Andrew J, Joos Ladina, Paré Peter D

Abstract excerpt

Cigarette smoking is clearly the major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, only a minority of cigarette smokers develops chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, indicating that other factors are involved. Family and twin studies suggest that at least some of those factors are genetic. This article reviews the genes investigated as potential risk factors for this disease, focusing on the...

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Source

Identifiers

PMID: 11845002
DOI: 10.1097/00063198-200203000-00002

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 6 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-06.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 6 Sept 2026.

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